
EORI numbers
An Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number is required by businesses and, in some cases, individuals importing or exporting goods into or out of the European Union (EU). The system with EORI numbers was established in 2009. The EORI number serves as an identification code that helps customs authorities track and monitor goods moving between EU and other countries. EORI numbers are also used in the process for determining preferential origin under the EU-UK Trade Cooperation Agreement.
Operators who move goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain also require an EORI number. For trade between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland no EORI number is needed.
Business based outside the EU or the UK need an EORI number for trade with the EU or UK unless a carrier is authorized to file customs declarations on the exporters behalf.
Please note that a IOSS number for the EU does not replace EORI numbers. IOSS is a system used specifically for VAT collection. It allows companies to file only one VAT declaration even if they do business in several EU countries.
A company can only have one EORI for the entire EU even if the company has multiple VAT numbers in different countries of the EU. Both the VAT and the EORI number are required on the customs forms.

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The process for applying for an EORI number can vary between countries. Here is a general overview of steps you need to take to apply:
Check Eligibility.
Before applying, make sure you are eligible for an EORI number based on your business activities. EORI numbers are required by businesses and individuals importing or exporting goods into or out of the European Union (EU). There are five countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Lithuania, and Romania) in the EU who require individuals to register for EORI numbers in case of business-to-consumer trade.
Determine the Relevant Authority.
Identify which government agency is responsible for issuing EORI numbers in your country. This is normally the Customs Authority. Remember that you can only have one EORI number per company even if you are established in several EU countries. If, for example, you are a Canadian company with branches in both Sweden and France, you can choose either one of these countries in which to apply for the EORI number.
Gather Required Information for the application.
This may include:
Business name and contact details
Business registration number
VAT (Value Added Tax) number
Company structure (e.g., sole trader, corporation)
Description of business activities and the types of goods traded
Information about imports and exports
Identification documents for authorized signatories
Submit Application.
Two forms of submission:
Online Application: Some countries offer online application systems for EORI numbers. Visit the website of the relevant customs authority or agency and follow their instructions to complete the online application form.
Paper Application: If online application is not available, you might need to complete a paper application form provided by the customs authority. These forms are often available for download on their website.
Send the Supporting Documents.
Along with your application, you need to submit supporting documents – see section 3 above.
Make sure to Answer Questions.
The Customs Authority will often ask for complimentary information. Remember to answer promptly as a lack of answer may lead to rejection of EORI application.
If your application is approved, you will receive your EORI number. This number will be unique to your business and will be used for customs declarations and interactions related to international trade. Most Customs Offices process applications quickly and EORI numbers are given within a couple of weeks’ time.
After you have the EORI number you need to keep your EORI information up to date. If there are changes to your business details, such as a change of address or authorized signatories, make sure to inform the relevant authority.
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